Sports Medicine – Class 12 Physical Education Notes
Concept and Definition of Sports Medicine
Sports Medicine, also called Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM), is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries.
It mainly focuses on injuries related to:
Muscles
Bones
Joints
Ligaments and tendons
These injuries occur due to participation in sports, physical activity or exercise.
Aims and Scope of Sports Medicine
Aims of Sports Medicine
The main aim of sports medicine is to maintain the physical fitness of sportspersons, prevent injuries and ensure fast recovery.
The three specific aims are:
Scientific Promotion of Sports and Games
Improving performance through scientific training methods
Reducing injuries through proper planning
Developing Preventive Healthcare
Preventing injuries before they occur
Educating athletes about safe practices
Sports Medical Extension Services
Providing medical facilities to sportspersons
Spreading awareness about sports health and fitness
Scope of Sports Medicine
Treatment and prevention of sports injuries
Rehabilitation and recovery
First aid and emergency care
Fitness assessment and training
Nutrition and psychological support
First Aid: Aims and Objectives
First aid is the immediate care given to a person suffering from sudden illness or injury.
Three Main Aims of First Aid (3 P’s)
1. Preserve Life
Main priority of first aid
Includes CPR, opening airway, controlling bleeding
Safety of the first aider is also important
2. Prevent Deterioration
Prevent condition from becoming worse
Immobilising fractures
Protecting injured part from further damage
3. Promote Recovery
Providing proper care until medical help arrives
Early treatment helps faster and better recovery
Sports Injuries: Classification, Causes and Prevention
Sports Injuries
Sports injuries occur during athletic or physical activities due to trauma or overuse.
Classification of Sports Injuries
1. Soft Tissue Injuries (STI)
Injuries to muscles, ligaments and tendons.
Types
Acute Injuries:
Occur suddenly due to fall, collision or twistOveruse Injuries:
Develop over time due to repeated stress
2. Injuries Based on Tissue Type
Soft tissue injuries: muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin
Hard tissue injuries: bones and joints
3. Injuries Based on Severity
Minor injuries
Moderate injuries
Severe injuries requiring long rest
Bone and Joint Injuries
Bones and joints are injured when excessive force is applied directly or indirectly.
Fractures
Definition:
A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone.
Types of Fractures
Open Fracture:
Bone breaks through the skinClosed Fracture:
Skin remains intact
Causes of Sports Injuries
Anatomical factors
Individual differences
Age-related causes
Poor training methods
Wrong equipment
Impact and contact
Poor technique
Prevention of Sports Injuries
Proper warm-up and cool-down
Well-planned training sessions
Use of protective equipment
Following rules of the game
Regular fitness testing
Psychological training
Balanced nutrition
Management of Sports Injuries
Management depends on:
Severity of injury
Body part affected
It includes:
Identification of injury
Immediate treatment
Adequate rest
Safe return to sport
Standard Techniques for Injury Treatment
TOTAPS
Used for assessment of non-serious injuries.
T – Talk
O – Observe
T – Touch
A – Active movement
P – Passive movement
S – Skill test
RICER
Used for soft tissue injuries.
R – Rest
I – Ice
C – Compression
E – Elevation
R – Referral
No-HARM Principle (First 72 Hours)
No Heat
No Alcohol
No Running
No Massage
Other Techniques for Injury Treatment
Pain Relief
Use of painkillers like paracetamol
Immobilisation
Restricting movement to prevent further injury
Physiotherapy
Improves strength, flexibility and movement
Helps in rehabilitation
Corticosteroid Injections
Used for severe inflammation
Temporary pain relief
Surgery
Required only in severe injuries like major fractures
Recovery
Recovery time depends on injury type
Can take weeks or months
Athlete should return to sport only after full recovery
Gentle movement should begin as early as possible
✍️ Top 10 Short Question–Answers
Q1. What is Sports Medicine?
👉 Sports Medicine is a branch of medicine dealing with prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of sports injuries.
Q2. Which body parts are mainly involved in sports injuries?
👉 Muscles, bones, joints, ligaments and tendons.
Q3. Write one aim of sports medicine.
👉 Prevention of sports injuries.
Q4. What is first aid?
👉 Immediate care given to a person suffering from sudden illness or injury.
Q5. Name the three P’s of first aid.
👉 Preserve Life, Prevent Deterioration, Promote Recovery.
Q6. What is a sports injury?
👉 An injury occurring during sports or physical activity.
Q7. What is a fracture?
👉 A break in the continuity of a bone.
Q8. What does RICER stand for?
👉 Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral.
Q9. What is TOTAPS used for?
👉 Assessment of non-serious injuries.
Q10. What is No-HARM principle?
👉 Guidelines to avoid heat, alcohol, running and massage for first 72 hours.
📝 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain the aims and scope of Sports Medicine.
Aims of Sports Medicine:
Scientific promotion of sports
Improving performance through scientific training
Reducing sports injuries
Developing preventive healthcare
Providing medical services to sportspersons
Scope of Sports Medicine:
Prevention and treatment of injuries
Rehabilitation and recovery
First aid and emergency care
Fitness assessment
Nutrition and psychological support
Q2. Explain the aims of first aid.
The three main aims of first aid are:
Preserve Life:
Priority is saving life
Includes CPR, controlling bleeding
Prevent Deterioration:
Prevent condition from worsening
Immobilising injured parts
Promote Recovery:
Early care helps faster recovery
Support until medical help arrives
Q3. Explain classification of sports injuries.
Sports injuries are classified as:
1. Soft Tissue Injuries:
Acute injuries (sudden)
Overuse injuries (develop over time)
2. Based on Tissue Type:
Soft tissue injuries
Hard tissue injuries
3. Based on Severity:
Minor
Moderate
Severe
Q4. Explain causes and prevention of sports injuries.
Causes:
Poor training methods
Wrong equipment
Impact and contact
Poor technique
Individual and age-related factors
Prevention:
Proper warm-up and cool-down
Planned training
Protective equipment
Balanced nutrition
Following rules
Q5. Explain TOTAPS and RICER techniques.
TOTAPS:
Talk
Observe
Touch
Active movement
Passive movement
Skill test
RICER:
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Referral
📝 Previous Years’ Questions (PYQs ONLY)
🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
What is sports medicine?
Write the full form of SEM.
Name any one aim of sports medicine.
What is first aid?
Write any one aim of first aid.
What does RICER stand for?
What is a fracture?
Name any one soft tissue injury.
What is TOTAPS used for?
Write one cause of sports injuries.
🔹 Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)
Explain the concept of sports medicine.
Write any two aims of sports medicine.
State the three P’s of first aid.
What are sports injuries?
Explain soft tissue injuries.
Differentiate between open and closed fracture.
Write any two causes of sports injuries.
Write any two preventive measures of sports injuries.
Explain RICER technique.
What is No-HARM principle?
🔹 Long Answer Questions (4–5 Marks)
Explain the aims and scope of sports medicine.
Explain first aid and its aims.
Explain classification of sports injuries.
Describe causes and prevention of sports injuries.
Explain TOTAPS method for injury assessment.
Explain management of sports injuries.
Explain standard techniques for injury treatment.
❓ FAQs (5)
FAQ 1. Why is sports medicine important for athletes?
👉 It helps prevent injuries and improves performance.
FAQ 2. When should RICER be used?
👉 In soft tissue injuries.
FAQ 3. What is the purpose of No-HARM principle?
👉 To prevent worsening of injury.
FAQ 4. When is surgery required in sports injuries?
👉 Only in severe injuries.
FAQ 5. When should an athlete return to sports after injury?
👉 Only after complete recovery.
| Chapter No. | Chapter Name | Visit |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Planning in Sports | Visit |
| 2 | Sports and Nutrition | Visit |
| 3 | Yoga and Lifestyle | Visit |
| 4 | Physical Education and Sports for CWSN (Divyangs) | Visit |
| 5 | Children and Sports | Visit |
| 6 | Women and Sports | Visit |
| 7 | Test and Measurement in Sports | Visit |
| 8 | Physiology and Sports | Visit |
| 9 | Sports Medicine | Visit |
| 10 | Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Sports | Visit |
| 11 | Psychology and Sports | Visit |
| 12 | Training in Sports | Visit |
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