Physical Education Class 12 Notes With Important Question Chapter 1 Planning in Sports

 Planning in Sports – Class 12 Physical Education Notes

• Meaning and importance of Planning in Sports

• Objectives of planning like time management, success rate, budget control

• Various committees in sports meet and their responsibilities

• Classification of committees:

  • Pre-meet

  • During-meet

  • Post-meet

• Meaning and importance of Tournaments

• Factors affecting tournament organisation

• Types of tournaments (Knock-out, League, Combination, Challenge)

• Detailed explanation of Knock-out Tournament

  • Bye and Seeding

  • Advantages and disadvantages

• Detailed explanation of League (Round Robin) Tournament

  • Single League & Double League

  • Match calculation formulas

• Concept of Fixtures in sports

• Fixture methods:

  • Knock-out → Bye & Seeding

  • League → Staircase & Cyclic method

• Methods to decide the winner (percentage method)

• Explanation of Intramural activities

  • Meaning, objectives and significance

• Explanation of Extramural activities

  • Meaning, objectives and significance

• Specific sports programmes

  • Sports Day, Run for Fun, Health Run, Run for Unity & Awareness

• Top 10 exam-oriented short questions

• Important long answer questions

• Previous Years’ Questions (PYQs) – very short, short & long

• Case / application-based board questions

• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for quick revision

Meaning of Planning

Planning is the process of setting goals (objectives) and deciding how to achieve them within a fixed time.
In sports, planning is very important because sports events have:

• A fixed time schedule

• Clear objectives

• Definite results

Proper planning helps in smooth organisation of sports events like tournaments and sports meets.

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Objectives of Planning

The main objectives of planning in sports are:

1. Timely achievement of targets – Completing the programme on time.

2. Improvement in success rate – Better performance and results.

3. Finding causes of failure – Helps in future improvement.

4. Deciding time duration – Fixing how long a programme will run.

5. Proper distribution of work – Work is assigned according to ability.

6. Budget control – Achieving goals without overspending.

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Various Committees and Their Responsibilities

To organise a sports meet successfully, different committees are formed:

1. Publicity Committee

• Advertises sports events

• Creates awareness among students and public

2. Transport Committee

• Arranges transport for players, officials and guests

3. Grounds and Equipment Committee

• Prepares grounds, track and field

• Arranges sports equipment

4. Refreshment and Entertainment Committee

• Provides food and drinks to players, officials and guests

5. Reception Committee

• Welcomes chief guests during opening and closing ceremonies

6. Committee on Entries and Programme

• Sends entry forms to institutions

• Arranges seating

• Sometimes prepares fixtures

7. Officials Committee

• Selects referees, umpires and judges

8. Announcement Committee

• Makes announcements during the event

9. First Aid Committee

• Provides medical help in case of injury

Types of Committees

• Pre-meet committees – Publicity, Ground & Equipment, Reception

• During-meet committees – Transport, Refreshment

• Post-meet committees – Award committee

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Tournaments

Meaning of Tournament

A tournament is a competition among teams or players according to a fixed schedule to decide a winner.

Factors Affecting Tournament Organisation

• Number of teams

• Facilities available

• Number of officials

• Time available

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Importance of Tournaments

1. Development of sports skills

2. Helps in selection of good players

3. Promotes national and international integration

4. Develops social qualities like discipline, tolerance and brotherhood

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Types of Tournaments

1. Knock-out (Elimination)

2. League (Round Robin)

3. Combination tournament

4. Challenge tournament

(Syllabus focuses mainly on Knock-out and League)

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1. Knock-out or Elimination Tournament

In this tournament, a team is eliminated after losing one match.

Key Terms

• Bye – A team does not play in the first round

• Seeding – Strong teams are placed so they don’t meet early

Advantages

• Less time required

• Fewer officials needed

• Improves competition standard

Disadvantages

• Good teams may be eliminated early

• Weak teams may reach finals by chance

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League or Round Robin Tournament

In this tournament, each team plays with every other team.

Types

• Single League – Teams play once

• Double League – Teams play twice

Formula

• Single League matches = N(N−1)/2

• Double League matches = N(N−1)

(N = number of teams)

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Fixture

A fixture is the systematic arrangement of teams for matches.

Fixture Methods

• Knock-out → Bye & Seeding

• League → Staircase & Cyclic method

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Fixtures in Knock-out Tournament

Steps include:

• Total matches = N − 1

• Dividing teams into upper & lower halves

• Calculating number of byes

• Fixing byes and seeding strong teams

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Fixtures in League Tournament

1. Staircase Method

• Matches arranged like steps

• Easy and no byes

• Suitable for any number of teams

2. Cyclic Method

• For even teams → one team fixed

• For odd teams → one bye fixed

• Rounds = N − 1 (even teams)

• Rounds = N (odd teams)

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Deciding the Winner

Winner is decided on percentage basis:

$$\text{Percentage}=\frac{\text{Matches Won}}{\text{Matches Played}}\times 100$$

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Intramurals

Intramural means within the institution (inter-house / inter-class).

Objectives

• Skill development

• Motivation and recreation

• Sportsmanship

• Social interaction

Significance

• Leadership development

• Talent identification

• Selection for extramurals

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Extramurals

Extramural activities are conducted outside the institution (inter-school).

Objectives

• Improve sports standards

• Provide experience

• Promote sportsmanship

Significance

• Develop motor skills

• Improve self-esteem and discipline

• Relaxation from academic stress

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Specific Sports Programmes

These programmes focus on awareness and social causes, not competition.

Examples

• Sports Day

• Run for Fun

• Health Run

• Run for Unity

• Run for Awareness

Chapter: Planning in Sports

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✍️ Top 10 Short Question–Answers (Exam Oriented)

Q1. What is planning in sports?
👉 Planning is the process of setting goals and deciding ways to achieve them within a fixed time in sports.

Q2. Why is planning important in sports events?
👉 Because sports events have fixed time schedules, clear objectives and definite results.

Q3. Write any one objective of planning in sports.
👉 Timely achievement of targets.

Q4. What is the role of the Publicity Committee?
👉 It advertises sports events and creates awareness.

Q5. Which committee provides medical help during sports meets?
👉 First Aid Committee.

Q6. What is a tournament?
👉 A tournament is a competition among teams or players to decide a winner.

Q7. What is a bye in a knock-out tournament?
👉 Bye means a team does not play in the first round.

Q8. What is seeding?
👉 Seeding is placing strong teams so they do not meet in early rounds.

Q9. What is intramural competition?
👉 Sports activities conducted within an institution.

Q10. What is meant by extramural activities?
👉 Sports activities conducted outside the institution.

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📝 Long Answer Questions

Q1. Explain the objectives of planning in sports.

Planning in sports helps in systematic organisation of events. Its main objectives are:

• Timely achievement of targets

• Improvement in success rate

• Finding causes of failure

• Deciding time duration of programmes

• Proper distribution of work

• Budget control without overspending

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Q2. Describe various committees and their responsibilities in sports planning.

Different committees are formed for smooth conduct of sports events:

• Publicity Committee – Advertises events

• Transport Committee – Arranges transport

• Grounds and Equipment Committee – Prepares grounds and equipment

• Refreshment Committee – Provides food and drinks

• Reception Committee – Welcomes chief guests

• Officials Committee – Appoints referees and judges

• Announcement Committee – Makes announcements

• First Aid Committee – Provides medical help

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Q3. Explain knock-out and league tournaments with their advantages and disadvantages.

Knock-out Tournament:

• Team is eliminated after one loss

• Advantages: Less time, fewer officials

• Disadvantages: Good teams may be eliminated early

League Tournament:

• Each team plays with every other team

• Advantages: Fair chance to all teams

• Disadvantages: More time and officials required

📝 Previous Years’ Questions (PYQs)

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🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. Define planning in sports.

2. Write the meaning of tournament.

3. What is a bye?

4. What is seeding?

5. Name the committee responsible for medical help.

6. What is meant by intramural activities?

7. Write the full form of round robin tournament.

8. How many matches are played in a knock-out tournament with 8 teams?

9. What is a fixture?

10. Name any one specific sports programme.

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🔹 Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)

1. State any two objectives of planning in sports.

2. Write two advantages of knock-out tournament.

3. Write two disadvantages of knock-out tournament.

4. Explain the role of the Transport Committee.

5. What are extramural activities? Write any two objectives.

6. Mention two factors affecting tournament organisation.

7. Write the formula for calculating matches in a single league tournament.

8. Differentiate between intramural and extramural activities (any two points).

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🔹 Long Answer Questions (4–5 Marks)

1. Explain the objectives of planning in sports.

2. Describe various committees and their responsibilities in organising sports events.

3. Explain knock-out tournament with its advantages and disadvantages.

4. Explain league tournament. Write its types and formula for matches.

5. What are intramurals? Explain their objectives and significance.

6. Explain extramural activities. Write their objectives and significance.

7. Explain fixture and its methods used in knock-out and league tournaments.

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🔹 Case / Application Based PYQs (Asked in Recent Boards)

1. A school is organising an inter-house sports meet.

   • Name any two pre-meet committees.

   • Which committee will arrange sports equipment?

2. If there are 6 teams in a single league tournament:

   • How many matches will be played?

   • Which method of fixture can be used?

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❓ FAQs (5)

FAQ 1. What are pre-meet committees?
👉 Committees formed before the event like Publicity and Ground & Equipment committees.

FAQ 2. Which factors affect tournament organisation?
👉 Number of teams, facilities, officials and time available.

FAQ 3. What is a fixture in sports?
👉 A fixture is the systematic arrangement of teams for matches.

FAQ 4. How is the winner decided in a league tournament?
👉 On percentage basis: (Matches Won / Matches Played) × 100.

FAQ 5. What are specific sports programmes?
👉 Programmes that focus on awareness and social causes, not competition.