Chapter 4 – Physical Education and Sports for CWSN (Divyangs)
Meaning of CWSN (Children with Special Needs)
Concept and difference between Disability and Disorder
Types of Disability
Cognitive Disability – learning, memory, attention issues
Intellectual Disability – low IQ (below 70) and adaptive problems
Physical Disability – movement, strength or sensory limitations
Causes and nature of each disability
Types of Disorders
ADHD – hyperactivity, poor attention
SPD – improper sensory processing
ASD – communication and social interaction issues
ODD – defiant and aggressive behaviour
OCD – repetitive thoughts and actions
Symptoms and causes of each disorder
Disability Etiquettes
Meaning and importance
General etiquettes (respect, patience, dignity)
Specific etiquettes for:
Speech difficulty
Hearing loss
Vision loss
Cognitive impairment
Advantages of Physical Activity for CWSN
Improves heart and lung efficiency
Enhances social skills and confidence
Controls weight and reduces stress
Improves coordination, motor skills and balance
Enhances brain function and learning
Reduces anxiety and depression
Improves sleep quality
Strategies to Make Physical Activities Accessible
Inclusive classrooms
Assistive technology
Adaptive physical education
Specific and supportive environment
Positive behaviour approach
Creative, non-competitive games
Accommodation and modification
Professional training for PE teachers
Exam-Oriented Content Included
Top 10 short question–answers
Very short, short and long answer questions
Previous Years’ Questions (PYQs)
FAQs for quick revision
CWSN (Children with Special Needs) – Meaning
CWSN refers to children who have physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments and need special care, support and adaptations in education and sports.
4.1 Concept of Disability and Disorder
Disability
Disability means a permanent reduction in physical or mental capacity which restricts a person’s normal functioning.
Definition:
A disability is a condition in which a person is significantly impaired compared to normal standards.
Key Points
May be present from birth or acquired later
Affects daily activities and participation in life
Disorder
A disorder is a disturbance in physical or mental health that affects performance and efficiency.
Definition:
A disorder is a disruption in the normal functioning of a person.
Key Points
Usually starts mildly
May develop into a disability if untreated
4.2 Types of Disability, Causes and Nature
(i) Cognitive Disability
Related to mental abilities like thinking, learning and memory
Includes dyslexia, learning difficulties, speech problems
Causes
Genetic or chromosomal disorders
Prenatal drug or alcohol exposure
Lack of oxygen during birth
(ii) Intellectual Disability
Characterised by low IQ (below 70)
Problems in adaptive behaviour and learning
Causes
Genetic conditions (Down syndrome)
Problems during pregnancy or childbirth
Brain infections or severe malnutrition
(iii) Physical Disability
Related to movement, strength or sense organs
Includes limb loss, visual impairment, hearing loss
Causes
Diseases like diabetes, heart attack
Injuries, arthritis, spinal disorders
Genetic factors
4.3 Types of Disorders
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Behavioural disorder
Symptoms: hyperactivity, poor attention, impulsiveness
Causes
Genetic inheritance
Brain injury
Environmental factors
SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder)
Brain cannot process sensory input properly
Over-reaction or under-reaction to sound, touch, movement
Causes
Genetic factors
Developmental delays
Environmental toxins
ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Developmental disorder affecting communication and behaviour
Repetitive actions, poor social interaction
Causes
Genetic mutations
Brain development abnormalities
Environmental factors
ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
Behaviour disorder in children
Symptoms: anger, defiance, arguing
Causes
Genetic temperament
Poor parenting environment
OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
Mental disorder with repetitive thoughts and actions
Example: repeated hand washing
Causes
Family history
Behavioural and cognitive factors
Stressful environment
4.4 Disability Etiquettes
Disability etiquettes are guidelines for respectful interaction with people having disabilities.
General Etiquettes
Respect dignity and independence
Speak directly to the person
Do not treat them as helpless
Be patient and polite
Specific Etiquettes
Speech difficulty: be patient, don’t interrupt
Hearing loss: speak clearly, face the person
Vision loss: identify yourself, offer assistance properly
Cognitive impairment: use simple language, give time
4.5 Advantages of Physical Activity for CWSN
Physical activity is very important for children with special needs.
Benefits
Improves heart and lung efficiency
Develops social skills and confidence
Controls weight and reduces stress
Improves coordination and motor skills
Enhances brain function and learning
Reduces anxiety and depression
Improves sleep quality
4.6 Strategies to Make Physical Activities Accessible
Inclusive Classrooms
CWSN study and play with normal children
Assistive Technology
Bigger balls, sound balls, adapted equipment
Adaptive Physical Education
Modified rules and games
Specific Environment
Proper lighting, low noise
Positive Behaviour Approach
Prevent → Teach → Reinforce
Creative Games
Less competition, more cooperation
Accommodation & Modification
Adjust activities as per individual needs
Professional Training
Special training for PE teachers
✍️ Top 10 Short Question–Answers
Q1. What is meant by CWSN?
👉 CWSN refers to children who have physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments.
Q2. Define disability.
👉 Disability is a permanent reduction in physical or mental capacity.
Q3. What is a disorder?
👉 A disorder is a disturbance in physical or mental functioning.
Q4. Name any one type of disability.
👉 Cognitive disability.
Q5. What is intellectual disability?
👉 It is characterised by low IQ (below 70).
Q6. What does ADHD stand for?
👉 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Q7. What is ASD?
👉 Autism Spectrum Disorder affecting communication and behaviour.
Q8. What are disability etiquettes?
👉 Guidelines for respectful interaction with people having disabilities.
Q9. Write one benefit of physical activity for CWSN.
👉 Improves social skills and confidence.
Q10. What is inclusive classroom?
👉 Where CWSN study and play with normal children.
📝 Long Answer Questions
Q1. Differentiate between disability and disorder.
Disability:
Permanent condition
Limits normal functioning
May be present from birth or acquired later
Disorder:
Disturbance in physical or mental health
Usually starts mildly
May turn into disability if untreated
Q2. Explain types of disabilities with causes.
Cognitive Disability:
Related to thinking and learning
Causes: genetic disorders, lack of oxygen at birth
Intellectual Disability:
Low IQ and learning problems
Causes: Down syndrome, pregnancy complications
Physical Disability:
Affects movement or sense organs
Causes: injuries, diseases, genetic factors
Q3. Explain disability etiquettes.
Disability etiquettes ensure respectful behaviour:
Respect dignity and independence
Speak directly to the person
Be patient and polite
Specific etiquettes:
Speech difficulty: don’t interrupt
Hearing loss: face the person
Vision loss: identify yourself
Cognitive impairment: use simple language
Q4. Explain advantages of physical activity for CWSN.
Physical activity:
Improves heart and lung efficiency
Develops social skills
Controls weight and stress
Improves coordination and motor skills
Reduces anxiety and depression
📝 Previous Years’ Questions (PYQs ONLY)
🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
What is meant by CWSN?
Define disability.
What is a disorder?
Name any one type of disability.
What is intellectual disability?
Write the full form of ADHD.
What is ASD?
What is disability etiquette?
Name any one benefit of physical activity for CWSN.
What is inclusive classroom?
🔹 Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)
Differentiate between disability and disorder.
Explain cognitive disability.
Write any two causes of intellectual disability.
Write any two causes of physical disability.
Explain ADHD with its symptoms.
What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?
Write any two disability etiquettes.
Mention any two advantages of physical activity for CWSN.
What is adaptive physical education?
Write any two strategies to make physical activities accessible for CWSN.
🔹 Long Answer Questions (4–5 Marks)
Explain different types of disabilities along with their causes.
Explain ADHD, ASD and ODD as disorders.
What is disability etiquette? Explain general and specific etiquettes.
Explain the advantages of physical activity for children with special needs.
Explain various strategies to make physical activities accessible for CWSN.
Explain OCD with its causes and symptoms.
❓ FAQs (5)
FAQ 1. Why is physical education important for CWSN?
👉 It improves physical, mental and social development.
FAQ 2. Can CWSN participate in sports?
👉 Yes, with proper support and modified activities.
FAQ 3. What is adaptive physical education?
👉 Modified physical activities according to individual needs.
FAQ 4. What role does assistive technology play?
👉 It helps CWSN participate easily in activities.
FAQ 5. Why is professional training important for PE teachers?
👉 To handle and support CWSN effectively.
0 Comments