B.Pharm 6th Semester Herbal Drug Technology Important Question Answer
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| Important Questions of herbal drug TECHNOLOGY 6th Semester |
Herbal Drug Technology Short Question Answer
1. Define Raw Drug. How will you collect it?
A raw drug is any naturally occurring substance, obtained from plant, animal, or mineral sources, used in crude form for medicinal purposes.
Collection involves harvesting the drug part at the appropriate season and time, followed by cleaning and drying to preserve active constituents.
2. What is the scope of crude drugs?
Crude drugs are widely used in traditional medicine systems, phytopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. With growing interest in natural remedies, there is increasing demand for crude drugs in both domestic and international markets.
3. What are plant hormones & what are their uses?
Plant hormones are chemical messengers like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. They regulate growth, cell division, flowering, fruiting, and stress responses in plants. They are used in agriculture for improving yield and shelf-life.
4. What is significance of herbal exports?
Herbal exports contribute significantly to India's economy. India exports Ayurvedic and herbal products globally, enhancing trade, promoting traditional medicine, and boosting employment in rural areas.
5. Name five adulterants of herbal drugs.
Sand
Chalk powder
Starch
Synthetic dyes
Inferior plant parts
6. What do you mean by Schedule Z of Drug & Cosmetic Act for ASU drugs?
Schedule Z refers to the guidelines for clinical evaluation of Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani (ASU) drugs. It ensures safety, efficacy, and ethical standards during human trials of ASU medicines.
7. Name any two adulterants used in herbal drugs.
Dried leaves of other plants (substitution)
Colored or dyed materials (synthetic adulterants)
8. What are natural dyes?
Natural dyes are color substances derived from natural sources like plants, animals, or minerals. Examples include turmeric (yellow), henna (reddish-brown), and indigo (blue).
9. Define IPR.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refer to legal rights given to creators and inventors to protect their inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, and images for commercial use.
10. What is the use of gums as binders?
Gums like acacia and tragacanth are used as binders in tablet formulations. They provide cohesiveness to powders, helping in the formation and integrity of tablets during compression.
11. What is base of talismans?
The base of talismans is usually made of metals like copper, silver, or herbal preparations. In traditional systems, they are believed to hold protective or healing powers using specific herbs or symbols.
12. Give classification of Nutraceuticals.
Nutraceuticals are classified as:
Dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals)
Functional foods (oats, soy)
Medicinal foods
Farmaceuticals (bioactive substances from plants)
13. Differentiate between Active and Analytical marker.
Active marker: A compound responsible for the therapeutic effect of a herb.
Analytical marker: A measurable compound used for quality control but may not be therapeutically active.
14. Give two examples of plant products used as food adjunct.
Ginger – flavoring and digestive aid
Turmeric – spice and antioxidant
15. Give names of any two antioxidants.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Curcumin (from turmeric)
16. Write method for determination of crude fibre content.
Crude fiber is determined by treating a defatted sample with dilute acid followed by alkali, filtering, drying, and weighing the residue. This residue represents the indigestible fiber content.
17. What has become market potential of herbal drugs in India?
India has a growing herbal drug market due to increasing preference for natural remedies. The export and domestic demand for Ayurvedic and plant-based products is expanding rapidly with global recognition.
18. Give examples of natural colourants.
Henna – reddish color
Indigo – blue
Turmeric – yellow
Beetroot – pink
19. Name any two plant drugs, giving their biological source.
Senna – Cassia angustifolia
Isabgol – Plantago ovata
20. What are principles of herbal standardization by HPTLC analysis?
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is used for identifying, quantifying, and ensuring batch-to-batch consistency of herbal products using marker compounds and fingerprinting techniques.
21. Give names of 5 different excipients used in herbal drugs.
Acacia (binder)
Starch (disintegrant)
Talc (glidant)
Glycerin (humectant)
Honey (sweetener/preservative)
22. Write any two major concerns for drying of plant-based drugs.
Loss of active constituents due to excessive heat.
Microbial contamination during slow or improper drying.
23. What are adjuvants? Give examples.
Adjuvants are substances added to enhance the efficacy or stability of herbal formulations.
Examples: Honey (vehicle), Piperine (bioavailability enhancer).
24. Differentiate between vermicompost manure and farmyard manure.
Vermicompost: Produced using earthworms; rich in nutrients and enzymes.
Farmyard manure: Traditional compost made from cattle dung, straw, and urine; nutrient content is lower.
25. What is mother tincture? Give some major source from which homeopathic medicines can get derived.
Mother tincture is the initial alcoholic extract of a medicinal substance used in homeopathy.
Sources: Plants (e.g., Belladonna), Minerals, and Animal products.
26. Write medicinal properties of ginseng.
Ginseng acts as an adaptogen, enhances energy, reduces stress, improves cognitive function, and boosts immunity. It also shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
27. Give benefits of omega-3 fatty acids.
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, improve heart health, support brain function, and help in managing autoimmune diseases and cholesterol levels.
28. What are prebiotics and probiotics?
Prebiotics: Non-digestible food ingredients (like inulin) that stimulate growth of beneficial gut bacteria.
Probiotics: Live microorganisms (like Lactobacillus) that maintain gut flora balance.
29. Name the basic equipment(s)/metals used in preparation of bhasmas.
Basic equipment includes Sharava Samputa (earthen crucibles) and metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron depending on the type of bhasma.
30. Name any two parameters for physico-analysis of crude drugs.
Moisture content
Ash value
31. What are dietary fibres? Give examples.
Dietary fibers are plant-based indigestible carbohydrates that aid digestion and promote gut health.
Examples: Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectin, and Lignin.
32. Define bhasma with example.
Bhasma is a fine, calcined powder prepared by incineration of metals or minerals after purification, used in Ayurvedic medicine.
Example: Swarna Bhasma (Gold ash)
33. Define patent and IPR.
Patent: A legal right granted for an invention, giving exclusive ownership and commercial use for 20 years.
IPR: Intellectual Property Rights protect creations like inventions, trademarks, and designs legally.
34. Write names of Mahagandha and Hriber.
Mahagandha: Valeriana wallichii
Hriber: Pavonia odorata
35. Define nutraceuticals and give two examples of animal origin.
Nutraceuticals are food products that offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Examples of animal origin:
Cod liver oil (rich in omega-3)
Glucosamine (from shellfish)
36. Write source and uses of Spirulina.
Source: Arthrospira platensis (blue-green algae)
Uses: Nutritional supplement rich in protein, vitamins, minerals; used for boosting immunity and energy.
37. Define Ashwagandha and its category.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a medicinal plant categorized as an adaptogen in Ayurveda. It helps reduce stress and improves vitality.
38. Write the name of two semi-solid dosage forms.
Ointments
Gels
39. Write the name of some basic principle involved in homeopathic system.
"Like cures like" (Similia Similibus Curentur)
Use of minimum dose
Individualization of treatment
40. What are adaptogens?
Adaptogens are natural substances that help the body resist physical, chemical, or biological stress and maintain homeostasis.
Example: Ashwagandha, Ginseng
41. Name any two types of sweeteners.
Natural sweeteners – e.g., Stevia
Artificial sweeteners – e.g., Aspartame
42. Define herb and herbal medicine.
Herb: A plant or part of a plant used for its flavor, scent, or therapeutic properties.
Herbal medicine: Formulations made from herbs used to treat or prevent diseases.
43. Write basic principle of Ayurvedic system of medicine.
The Ayurvedic system is based on the balance of three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Panchamahabhutas, and focuses on holistic well-being through diet, lifestyle, and herbal remedies.
44. Give biological source and uses of clove.
Biological source: Dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum
Uses: Used as a spice, antiseptic, carminative, and for dental pain relief.
45. Define natural sweetening agent.
Natural sweetening agents are substances derived from natural sources used to provide sweetness.
Example: Stevia, Honey
46. Define Churna with suitable example.
Churna is a fine powder of one or more herbs, used in Ayurvedic medicine.
Example: Triphala Churna – used for digestion and detoxification.
47. Define pest and pesticide.
Pest: An organism harmful to plants or stored herbal products.
Pesticide: A chemical or biological agent used to control pests.
48. Write principle of bhasma.
The principle of bhasma involves Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration) to convert metals/minerals into a bioavailable, non-toxic form for therapeutic use.
49. Write the full form of Schedule T.
Schedule T – Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani medicines as per Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.
50. Write the role of diluents in herbal formulation with example.
Diluents increase bulk and improve compressibility in tablets.
Example: Lactose used in herbal tablet formulations.
51. Write importance of Amla as health food.
Amla (Emblica officinalis) is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants. It improves immunity, supports digestion, reduces oxidative stress, and promotes skin and hair health.
52. Write Ayurvedic system of medicine.
The Ayurvedic system is a holistic traditional Indian medicine based on Tridosha theory (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), using herbs, diet, and lifestyle for disease prevention and health maintenance.
53. Define biopesticides and biofertilizers.
Biopesticides: Natural agents like bacteria or plant extracts used to control pests.
Biofertilizers: Microorganisms that enhance soil fertility by fixing nitrogen or decomposing organic matter.
54. Define bioprospecting with suitable examples.
Bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity for new bioactive compounds useful in medicine.
Example: Discovery of anti-malarial drug Artemisinin from Artemisia annua.
55. Give the name of herbal preservatives and disintegrants.
Herbal preservative: Neem extract
Herbal disintegrant: Isabgol husk
56. Define antidiabetic and adaptogenic herbs.
Antidiabetic herbs: Help lower blood glucose levels. Example: Gymnema sylvestre
Adaptogenic herbs: Help the body resist stress. Example: Ashwagandha
57. Define IPR and enumerate its components.
IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) protects creations and innovations.
Components: Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, Industrial Designs, Trade Secrets.
58. Define patent.
A patent is a legal right granted to an inventor for a novel, useful, and non-obvious invention, giving exclusive rights for its use and commercialization, usually for 20 years.
59. Write coloring herbs with suitable examples.
Turmeric – yellow color
Henna – reddish brown
Indigo – blue color
60. Name any two herbal cosmetics.
Aloe vera gel – used for skin care
Neem face wash – used for acne treatment
61. What are herbs and herbal products?
Herbs: Medicinal plants or parts of plants used for therapeutic purposes.
Herbal products: Formulations made using herbs in forms like tablets, syrups, powders, oils, etc., for health or medicinal use.
62. Write the basic principle of WHO GMP.
The WHO-GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) ensures consistent production and quality control of medicines to meet safety, efficacy, and quality standards. It covers areas like hygiene, documentation, quality assurance, and trained personnel.
63. Explain method of preparation of Bhasma.
Bhasma is prepared by:
Shodhana (purification of raw material)
Bhavana (levigation with herbal juices)
Marana (calcination/incineration using earthen pots or furnaces)
Grinding into fine ash for therapeutic use.
64. What is herbal cosmetics?
Herbal cosmetics are personal care products made from plant-based ingredients that are free from synthetic chemicals, used for beautification and health of skin and hair.
Examples: Aloe vera lotion, Neem shampoo.
65. Explain methods for standardization of herbal drugs.
Standardization methods include:
Macroscopic & Microscopic evaluation
Ash value & extractive value determination
Chromatographic techniques (TLC/HPTLC)
Quantification of marker compounds
Microbial and heavy metal testing
66. What is patent?
A patent is an exclusive legal right granted to an inventor for a novel and useful invention, allowing them to make, use, and sell it for a specified period (usually 20 years).
67. What is bioprospecting?
Bioprospecting involves searching for, collecting, and using biological material (plants, microbes) for discovering bioactive compounds useful in drug development, agriculture, or biotechnology.
68. Write the scope of herbal medicine.
Herbal medicine has a wide scope in:
Primary healthcare
Chronic disease management
Cosmetics and nutraceuticals
Global trade and research
Traditional knowledge utilization
69. What is gutika?
Gutika is a solid dosage form in Ayurveda, similar to a pill or tablet, prepared by triturating herbal powders with binders like honey or ghee and rolling into small balls.
70. What is dietary supplement?
A dietary supplement is a product taken orally that contains nutrients (vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids) intended to supplement the diet and support overall health.
B.Pharmacy 6th Semester All Subject Important Short Question Answer
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